Nd\u00ebrsa bota p\u00ebrballet me pasojat e ndryshimeve klimatike, vendet afrikane po zbatojn\u00eb nj\u00eb nga projektet m\u00eb ambicioze t\u00eb restaurimit t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarra ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr Murin e Madh t\u00eb Gjelb\u00ebr, nj\u00eb iniciativ\u00eb q\u00eb shtrihet nga bregu i Oqeanit Atlantik n\u00eb Senegal deri n\u00eb Xhibuti n\u00eb Detin e Kuq dhe mbulon rreth 8,000 kilometra p\u00ebrmes rripit Sahel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Edhe pse emri sugjeron se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb brez i vazhduesh\u00ebm pem\u00ebsh, ky projekt \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb kompleks. Q\u00ebllimi i tij nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm mbjellja e miliona pem\u00ebve, por edhe restaurimi i ekosistemeve t\u00eb degraduara, ndalimi i p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb shkret\u00ebtirave, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe krijimi i kushteve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e miliona njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga zonat m\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuese p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn n\u00eb planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Projekti u lan\u00e7ua n\u00eb vitin 2007 nga Bashkimi Afrikan n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00ebzimit dhe degradimit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Sahel, rajonin e gjer\u00eb gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb that\u00eb q\u00eb ndan Sahar\u00ebn nga savanat m\u00eb t\u00eb gjelbra m\u00eb n\u00eb jug t\u00eb kontinentit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fillimisht, plani ishte t\u00eb krijohej nj\u00eb brez i gjelb\u00ebr me gjer\u00ebsi rreth 15 kilometra q\u00eb do t\u00eb shtrihej n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gjer\u00ebsin\u00eb e Afrik\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebrkimet shkencore treguan se nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb jepte rezultatet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb projekti p\u00ebrfundimisht u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb iniciativ\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr restaurimin e natyr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sot, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb brezi unik pem\u00ebsh, po restaurohen pyjet, kullotat, ligatinat, zonat bujq\u00ebsore dhe bim\u00ebsia vendase, ku secila zon\u00eb menaxhohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me kushtet lokale klimatike dhe natyrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00ebr dekada t\u00eb t\u00ebra, Saheli \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me that\u00ebsira afatgjata, degradim t\u00eb tok\u00ebs dhe pasoja gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb theksuara t\u00eb ndryshimeve klimatike. Miliona banor\u00eb t\u00eb zon\u00ebs sigurojn\u00eb jetes\u00ebn nga bujq\u00ebsia dhe blegtoria, por nd\u00ebrsa toka varf\u00ebrohet dhe reshjet b\u00ebhen m\u00eb t\u00eb paparashikueshme, rendimentet bien, varf\u00ebria rritet dhe siguria ushqimore b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb problem serioz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Restaurimi i tok\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tok\u00ebs, t\u00eb rris\u00eb mbajtjen e ujit, t\u00eb rikthej\u00eb bim\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb prodhim m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb ushqimit. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, pritet t\u00eb rris\u00eb biodiversitetin dhe t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb presionin q\u00eb i detyron shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb largohen nga sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb jete m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Emri “Muri i Madh i Gjelb\u00ebr” mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mashtrues sepse projekti nuk p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb vij\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme pem\u00ebsh q\u00eb presin Afrik\u00ebn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb disa vende, mbillen lloje pem\u00ebsh autoktone, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb zona t\u00eb tjera, inkurajohet rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritja natyrore e bim\u00ebsis\u00eb. Fermer\u00ebt prezantojn\u00eb metoda m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme t\u00eb punimit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, mblidhet uji i shiut, restaurohen kullotat dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet cil\u00ebsia e tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb lejon q\u00eb masat t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaten me specifikat e secil\u00ebs zon\u00eb, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb zbatohet e nj\u00ebjta zgjidhje kudo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Planet p\u00ebr Murin e Madh t\u00eb Gjelb\u00ebr jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr objektivat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha mjedisore n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj dekade duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00ebzet vende afrikane po marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb projekt me mb\u00ebshtetjen e organizatave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, bankave t\u00eb zhvillimit dhe fondeve t\u00eb shumta mjedisore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Edhe pse nisma ka ende shum\u00eb pun\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb, disa vende tashm\u00eb po b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrparim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Senegali mbolli miliona pem\u00eb dhe restauroi sip\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha toke t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuara. Etiopia ka rehabilituar miliona hektar\u00eb p\u00ebrmes programeve t\u00eb gjera t\u00eb rivitalizimit, nd\u00ebrsa Nigeria, Nigeri dhe vende t\u00eb tjera kan\u00eb zgjeruar metodat e q\u00ebndrueshme t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sipas vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb fundit, deri m\u00eb tani jan\u00eb restauruar rreth 30 milion\u00eb hektar\u00eb zona t\u00eb degraduara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Megjithat\u00eb, ekspert\u00ebt paralajm\u00ebrojn\u00eb se arritja e t\u00eb gjitha objektivave t\u00eb planifikuara deri n\u00eb vitin 2030 do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb investime shtes\u00eb financiare, bashk\u00ebpunim m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb midis shteteve dhe kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme sigurie n\u00eb rajonet e prekura nga konfliktet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Restaurimi i ekosistemit sjell shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sesa nj\u00eb peizazh m\u00eb t\u00eb bukur. Pem\u00ebt dhe bim\u00ebsia tjet\u00ebr vendase parandalojn\u00eb erozionin e tok\u00ebs, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb rimbushjen e uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore dhe sekuestrojn\u00eb sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha karboni q\u00eb p\u00ebrndryshe do t\u00eb mbetej n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, habitatet e restauruara mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb kthimin e shum\u00eb specieve bimore dhe shtazore, nd\u00ebrsa toka m\u00eb e sh\u00ebndetshme sjell rendimente m\u00eb t\u00eb larta, kullotje m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta t\u00eb bag\u00ebtive dhe t\u00eb ardhura m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr fermer\u00ebt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sot, Muri i Madh i Gjelb\u00ebr konsiderohet si nj\u00eb nga nismat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb restaurimit t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs n\u00eb histori. R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e tij shkon p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs, sepse p\u00ebrvojat e fituara n\u00eb Sahel mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si model p\u00ebr restaurimin e zonave t\u00eb degraduara n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb thata t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ky projekt tregon se mbrojtja e natyr\u00ebs dhe zhvillimi ekonomik nuk duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb q\u00ebllime t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta. P\u00ebrkundrazi, ekosistemet e sh\u00ebndetshme mund t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb ruajtjen e mjedisit dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb miliona njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ndryshe nga muret q\u00eb ndajn\u00eb kombet, Muri i Madh i Gjelb\u00ebr i Afrik\u00ebs parashikohet si nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb e gjall\u00eb q\u00eb rilidh natyr\u00ebn dhe njer\u00ebzit, rikthen jet\u00ebn n\u00eb peizazhet e varf\u00ebruara dhe nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme m\u00eb elastike n\u00eb koh\u00ebrat e ndryshimeve klimatike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n